University of Birmingham (University of Birmingham informally) is a public research university located in Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK. It received its royal charter in 1900 as successor of Queen University, Birmingham (founded in 1828 as the Birmingham School of Medicine and Surgery) and Mason School of Sciences (established in 1875 by Sir Josiah Mason), so is the English first citizen or "red brick" university to receive his own royal charter. He is a founding member of both the Russell Group of research universities of British and international network of research universities, Universitas 21.
The university was ranked 15th in the UK and 76th in the world in the QS World University Rankings 2015-16. In 2013, Birmingham was named "University of the Year 2014 'at the awards the Times Higher Education. 2015 Global University employability places Classification Birmingham to 80th worldwide and 12 in the UK. Birmingham also ranked 4th in the UK for graduate prospects in the Sunday Times Good University Guide 2015 Times.
The student population includes 20,100 undergraduate and 14,060 graduate students, which is the largest in the UK (out of 165) room. The annual income of the institution for 2014-15 was £ 577.1 million of which £ 126.4 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £ 531.8 million.
The university is home to the Barber Institute of Fine Arts, works Housing Van Gogh, Picasso and Monet, the Lapworth Museum of Geology, the main Library Cadbury Research to Mingana collections of manuscripts from the Middle East and Collection Chamberlain and Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower, which is an emblem of the city visible from many parts of the city. Academics and university alumni include former first British ministers Neville Chamberlain, and Stanley Baldwin, eight Nobel laureates.
Although the early beginnings of the University were previously dating back to Queen's University which he is linked to William Sands Cox in their quest to create a medical school along strictly Christian lines, unlike medical schools London more research has now revealed the roots of Birmingham School of medicine in medical education seminars Mr John Tomlinson, the first surgeon in Birmingham Workhouse Infirmary, and later to the general hospital. These classes were the first to be held outside of London or south of the Scottish border in the winter of 1767-1768. The first clinical teaching was conducted by medical and surgical trainees in the General Hospital, opened in 1779. The medical school, which emerged from the Workhouse Birmingham nursing was founded in 1828, but Cox began teaching in December 1825, queen Victoria granted her patronage to the clinical hospital in Birmingham and allowed it to be styled "queen hospital." It was the first university hospital in the province in England. In 1843, medical school became known as the queen of the college.
In 1870, Sir Josiah Mason, the Birmingham industrialist and philanthropist who made his fortune in manufacturing key chains, pens, nibs and electroplating, produced the document Foundation for Science Mason University. The university was founded in 1875. It was this institution that will eventually form the nucleus of the University of Birmingham. In 1882, the Departments of Chemistry, Botany and Physiology were transferred to Mason School of Science, soon followed by the Departments of Physics and Comparative Anatomy. The transfer of the School of Medicine of the University of Science Mason gave a boost to the growing importance of the university and in 1896 a movement to incorporate as a college was. As a result of Mason University Law College in 1897 he became a Mason University College on January 1, 1898, with Joseph Chamberlain to become the President of the Court of Governors.
It was largely due to the tireless enthusiasm of Chamberlain that the university was granted a royal charter by Queen Victoria on 24 March 1900. The Calthorpe family offered twenty-five acres (10 hectares) of land in the Bournbrook side of its assets in July . The Court of Governors received the Law at the University of Birmingham 1900, which set the royal letter into force on 31 May. Birmingham was therefore arguably the first call redbrick university, although several other universities claim this title.
Transfer Mason University College of the new University of Birmingham, with Chamberlain as the first chancellor and Sir Oliver Lodge as the first director, she was complete. All that remained of the legacy of Josiah Mason was his siren on the sinister head of the shield of the university and its university, the double-headed lion in Dexter. He became the first civic university campus in England.
The Charter of the University of 1900 also included the provision of a Faculty of Commerce, as appropriate for a university itself founded by industrialists and located in a city with a wealth of business, in effect, creating the first school business in England Consequently, the faculty, the first of its kind in Britain, was founded by Sir William Ashley in 1901, that from 1902 to 1923 served as the first professor of Commerce and Dean of the Faculty.
From 1905 to 1908, Edward Elgar held the post of Peyton Professor of Music at the university. He was succeeded by his friend Granville Bantock.
own files heritage of the university are accessible for research through the Research Library of the University of Cadbury, which is open to all interested researchers.
The Great Hall at Aston Webb building became the 1st South General Hospital during World War II, with 520 beds and 125,000 wounded soldiers were treated.
In 1939, the Institute of Fine Arts, designed by Robert Atkinson, opened. In 1956, the first Master's program in Geotechnical Engineering began under the title "Foundation Engineering" and has been administered by year in college since. It was the first school in England geotechnical graduate.
longer lasting master's program in the UK in physics and technology of nuclear reactors also began at the university in 1956, the same year as the first commercial nuclear plant in the world was opened in Calder Hall in Cumbria.
In 1957, Sir Hugh Casson and Neville Conder asked by the university to prepare a master plan for the site of the original 1900 buildings were incomplete. The university drafted in other architects to amend the master plan developed by the group. During the 1960s, the university built several large buildings, expanding the campus. In 1963, the university helped in the creation of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Rhodesia, now the University of Zimbabwe (UZ). UZ is now independent, but both institutions maintain relationships through student exchange programs.
Birmingham also supported the creation of Keele University (formerly University College of North Staffordshire) and the University of Warwick in the framework of Vice President Sir Robert Aitken, who acted as "godfather" of the University of Warwick. The initial plan was to establish a satellite college in Coventry, but an independent initiative Aitken advises the Committee of University Grants.
Malcolm X, Afro-American human rights activist, he went to the University Debating Society in 1965.
The university has been involved in many scientific advances and inventions. From 1925 to 1948, Sir Norman Haworth was a professor and director of the Department of Chemistry. He was appointed Dean of the Faculty of Sciences and served as Deputy Director from 1947 to 1948. His research focused mainly on carbohydrate chemistry which confirmed a number of optically active structures of sugars. By 1928, there were deduced and confirmed the structures of maltose, cellobiose, lactose, gentiobiose, melibiose, gentianose, raffinose, and the tautomeric structure glucoside ring aldose reductase sugars. His research helped define the basic characteristics of the molecules of starch, cellulose, glycogen, inulin and xylan. Also it is contributing to the solution of the problems with bacterial polysaccharides. He was a winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1937.
The magnetron was developed in the Department of Physics by Sir John Randall and Harry Boot James Sayers. This was vital to the Allied victory in World War II. In 1940, the exhibition of Frisch-Peierls, a document showing that the atomic bomb was more than just theoretically possible, was written in the Department of Physics by Sir Rudolf Peierls and Otto Frisch. The university also hosted the first works on gaseous diffusion in the chemistry department when it was located in the Hills building. Many of the Aston Webb building windows overlooking the old fume cupboards were opaque being attacked by hydrofluoric acid well in recent years.
The physicist Sir Mark Oliphant made a proposal for the construction of a proton-synchrotron in 1943, but did not claim that the machine would work. In 1945, phase stability was discovered; consequently, the proposal was revived, and the construction of a machine that could overcome 1GeV began in college. However, due to lack of funds, the machine will not begin until 1953. The Brookhaven National Laboratory managed to overcome them; They began their Cosmotron in 1952, and get it working at all in 1953, before the University of Birmingham.
In 1947, Sir Peter Medawar Mason was appointed professor of zoology at the university. His job was to investigate the phenomenon of tolerance and immunity transplant. He collaborated with Rupert E. Billingham and did research on pigmentation problems and skin grafting in cattle. They used a skin graft to differentiate between monozygotic and dizygotic twins in cattle. Taking the previous research of R. D. Owen into account, they concluded that tolerance actively acquired homograft could be reproduced artificially. For this research, Medawar was elected to the Royal Society. He left Birmingham in 1951 and joined the faculty of University College London, where he continued his research on transplantation immunity. He was a recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1960.
The latest round of discussions of the first televised leaders', organized by the BBC, was held at the university during the general election campaign British 2010 on 29 April 2010. He also served as a training camp for the team athletics Jamaica before the 2012 Summer Olympics.
On August 9, 2010, the university announced that for the first time not enter the clearing process UCAS for 2010 admission, which coincides with low courses subscribed to students who missed their final decisions or insurance, because all places are being taken. Largely a result of the financial crisis of 2007-2010, Birmingham joined his bandmates Russell universities including Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh and Bristol by not offering any compensation places.
In 2012, the University has announced plans to build a new sports center and library.
