Stanford is one of the oldest University in the World. University of Stanford is one of the Top University in the World. University of Stanford is Top Ranked University in the World. Stanford University, Stanford University officially Leland Junior, is a private research university in Stanford, California, and one of the most prestigious institutions in the world.
Stanford was founded in 1885 by Leland Stanford, a former governor and US Senator from California and leader railroad tycoon and his wife, Jane Lathrop Stanford, in memory of his only son, Leland Stanford Jr., who had died of fever typhoid in 15 years last year. Stanford admitted its first students on October 1, 1891 as a mixed, non-denominational institution. Tuition was free until 1920. The university financial problems after the death of 1,893 Leland Stanford and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 earthquake in San Francisco. After World War II, Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates' entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what later became known as Silicon Valley. In 1970, Stanford was home to a linear accelerator, and was one of the first four nodes of ARPANET (precursor to the Internet).
The main campus is located in northern Santa Clara Valley near Palo Alto and San Jose and San between Francisco. Stanford also has land and facilities elsewhere. Its 8,180 acres (3,310 ha) campus is one of the largest in the United States. The university is also one of the institutions most important collection of funds in the country, becoming the first school to raise more than a billion dollars a year.
Stanford academic strength is large with 40 departments in the three academic schools with undergraduate students and four other professional schools. Students compete in 36 sports at the University, and the university is one of the two private institutions in the Conference Division I FBS Pac-12. Has won 108 championships NCAA team, the second largest amount for a university, 476 individual championships, the most in Division I, and has won the Cup Administration NACDA 'recognition of the university with the best performance General sports team, every year since 1994 -1995.
Stanford professors and students have founded many companies like Google, Hewlett-Packard, Nike, Sun Microsystems, Instagram, Snapchat, and Yahoo!, And companies founded by alumni of Stanford generate more than $ 2.7 billion in annual revenue, which equivalent to 10 biggest in the world economy. It is the alma mater of 30 billionaires living astronauts, 17, and 20 Nobel Prize winners Turing. It is also one of the leading producers of members of United States Congress. 60 Nobel Laureates and two Fields Medallists (when granted) are affiliated with Stanford University.
Origins and early years (1885–1906)
The university officially opened on October 1, 1891 to 555 students. The opening day of college, Founding President David Starr Jordan (1851-1931) says Stanford promotes class: "[Stanford] is consecrated by no tradition, but is hampered by none His messages fingers pointing forward . ". However, both preceded the opening and continued for several years until the death of the last Founder, Jane Stanford in 1905 and the destruction of the 1906 earthquake.
Foundation
Stanford was founded by Leland Stanford a railroad magnate, US Senator and former governor of California, with his wife, Jane Lathrop Stanford. his only son, Leland Stanford Jr., who died in 1884 of typhoid fever just before her 16th birthday His parents decided to dedicate a university to their only son, and Leland Stanford told his wife It is named in honor: "The children of California shall be our children." The Stanford visited the president of Harvard, Charles Eliot, and asked whether to establish a university, technical school or museum. Eliot replied that he should found a university and a budget of $ 5 million would be enough (in 1884 dollars, about $ 132 million today).
Foundation grant Stanford University's Endowment was issued in November 1885. In addition to defining the operational structure of the university, made several specific provisions:
"Trust ... will have the power and duty:
Establish and maintain an education system that, if followed, adapted graduates for some useful activity, and for this purpose to make students as easily as it can be, to declare the so-called particular at the university that, life, may wish to pursue;
To prohibit sectarian teaching but taught at the University of immortality of the soul, the existence of a wise and benevolent Creator, and that obedience to its laws is the highest man.
He taught at the University of right and advantages of the partnership and cooperation.
Accorded the same facilities and give the same advantages at the University of both sexes.
To keep the farm a farm Palo Alto for teaching agriculture in all its branches. "
Although the administrators are in charge of the university in general, Leland and Jane Stanford as founders retain great control until his death.
Despite the obligation to have an institution of coeducation in 1899 Jane Stanford, the remaining founder, added to the Grant foundation with the legal requirement that "the number of women attending university as students will, at any time never exceed five hundred. " She feared the large number of women entering the school would become "the Vassar of the West" and considered that there would be a fitting memorial to her son. In 1933, the requirement was reinterpreted by administrators to specify a grade male: female ratio of 3: 1. The "Stanford ratio" of 3: 1 "relationship" lasted until the 1960s late 1960s it was about 2: 1 for students, but much more skewed at the graduate level, except in the humanities. In 1973, university administrators successfully petitioned the courts to formally removed the restriction. From 2014 undergraduate enrollment is split nearly evenly between the sexes (47.2% women, 52.8% men), although men outnumber women (38.2% female, 61.8% male) doctoral level. At the same request also they eliminate the prohibition of sectarian worship on campus (only non-denominational Christian worship earlier in Stanford Memorial Church was allowed).
Early faculty and administration
In the spring of 1891, the Stanfords offered the presidency of his new university president Cornell University, Andrew White, but he refused and recommended David Starr Jordan, 40 years old, president of the University of Indiana in Bloomington. Jordan's educational philosophy was a good fit with the vision of the Stanfords' of a nonsectarian school, co-educational curriculum with liberal arts, and he accepted the offer. Jordan arrived at Stanford in June 1891 and immediately set about hiring teachers opening October planned university. With a short time frame so he relied heavily on his own knowledge in academia; of the original fifteen teachers, most came either from Indiana University and his alma mater Cornell. The founding professors 1891 include Robert Allardice in mathematics, Douglas Houghton Campbell in botany, Charles Henry Gilbert in zoology, George Elliott Howard in history, Oliver Peebles Jenkins in physiology and histology, Charles David Marx in civil engineering, Fernando Sanford in physics and chemistry John Maxson Stillman. The total initial teaching staff numbered about 35 including instructors and teachers. For the second (1892-1893) school year, Jordan was able to add 29 additional teachers, including Frank Angell (psychology), Leandro M. Hoskins (mechanical engineering), William Henry Hudson (English), Walter Miller (classic), George C.. Price (zoology), and Arly B. Show (story). Most of these two founding groups of teachers remained at Stanford until his retirement and is known as the "old guard".
Edward Alsworth Ross gained fame as one of the founders of American sociology; in 1900 Jane Stanford fired him for radicalism and racism, unleashing a major academic freedom case.
Post-founders (1906–1941)
The year after the death of Jane Stanford, the 1906 San Francisco earthquake damaged parts of the campus and caused new financial and structural problems, although only two people on campus died. Some of the early construction, especially from the second phase between the death of Leland Stanford in 1893 and the death of Jane Stanford in 1905, was destroyed by the earthquake. The university reserves the Quad, part of the museum, the old Chemistry Building (which is currently not in use, embarked in 1986, subsequently damaged in the Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989 and is now undergoing an extensive renovation in preparation for reopening) and Encina Hall (below grade bedroom men). The earthquake destroyed parts of the Main Quad, including the original iteration of Memorial Church and the door that marked the first entrance of the school and a partially constructed main library. Reconstruction in a somewhat less grandiose scale began immediately.
In 1908 the university acquired the existing Cooper Medical College in San Francisco and became the Department of Stanford University (later School) of Medicine but remained in San Francisco until the end of 1950. For the full story see history Stanford Medicine.
Jordan, the first president, left office in 1913 and was succeeded for two years by John Casper Branner. Branner was followed by Ray Lyman Wilbur, who was president from 1916 to 1943, except when he left to serve as Secretary of the Interior under President Herbert Hoover. Hoover along with his wife, Lou Henry Hoover were among the first graduates of Stanford. Herbert Hoover was also a member of the board of the university. The house they had built on campus as his own residence, Lou Henry Hoover House, became the home of the president of the University after the death of Lou Henry Hoover in 1944.
World War II and late 20th century
After Ray Lyman Wilbur retired in 1943 in the midst of World War II, Donald Tresidder, chairman of the Board of Trustees, he took over as president until his unexpected death in early 1948. In 1949 he became president of Sterling Wallace (1949 -1968) and he oversaw Stanford's rise as a regional one of the most prestigious US universities university. He was succeeded by Kenneth Pitzer Rice University, which lasted only 19 months had intervened as college entered its most tumultuous period of student protests. Richard Lyman, former rector, was president from 1971 to 1980; Donald Kennedy also former president was president from 1980 until 1992, when he resigned amid a dispute over finances with the US Government .. The Board brought a strange, Gerhard Casper, University of Chicago, who was president until 2000.
21st century
John L. Hennessy was appointed the 10th President of the University in October 2000 and under him the university has expanded. In February 2012, Stanford announced the completion of the Stanford Challenge. In a period of five years, Stanford raised $ 6.2 billion, exceeding its initial target of $ 2 billion, making it the most successful fundraising campaign in university history. The funds will go to 103 new endowed faculty appointments, research grants graduate students, 360 scholarships and financial aid, and the construction or renovation of 38 campus buildings. The new funding also allowed the construction of the largest facility in the world dedicated exclusively to research on stem cells; a completely new campus of the business school; a dramatic expansion of the Faculty of Law; a new quad Engineering; a new building art and art history; a concert hall on campus; a new art museum; and planned expansion of medical school, among other things. In 2012, Stanford opened Stanford Center at Peking University, nearly 400,000 square feet (37,000 m2), research center three floors on the campus of Peking University. The ceremony was attended by US Ambassador's statements China, Gary Locke, and President John Hennessy Stanford. Stanford became the first US university to have its own building in a large Chinese university campus.
Other programs Stanford underwent significant expansion, as well as Stanford in creating the Stanford Art Gallery of Washington in Woodley Park, Washington, DC Program Washington, and the measure of program Stanford in Florence Palazzo Capponi a 15th century Renaissance palace the university completed the James H. Clark Center for interdisciplinary research in engineering and medicine in 2003, the name of benefactor, the co-founder of Netscape, Silicon Graphics and WebMD, and former professor electrical engineering James H. Clark.
In 2011, Stanford created the first doctoral program in stem cell science in the United States. The program is at the Stanford School of Medicine.
student admission also became more selective; the acceptance rate was reduced from 13% for the class of 2004 to 5.04% for the class of 2019, the lowest support rate in the history of the University. Stanford's reputation, competitive admissions, and a strong heritage of entrepreneurship have contributed to the East-West rivalry between Stanford and institutions such as Harvard University, Princeton University and Yale University.
In June 2015 Hennessy announced he would step down in September 2016 to return to teaching and research. In February 2016 the University announced that its next president will be Marc Tessier-Lavigne, currently president of the Rockefeller University.
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