Oxford University is one of the oldest University in the World. University of Oxford is one of the Top University in the World. The University of Oxford (informally Oxford University, or simply Oxford) is a university research university located in Oxford, England. Although no known foundation date, no evidence of teaching and in 1096, so it is the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the second oldest surviving university in the world. It grew rapidly from 1167, when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. After conflicts between students and people of the city of Oxford in 1209, some academics fled northeast of Cambridge, where they established what became the University of Cambridge. The two "ancient universities" are often referred to collectively as "Oxbridge".
The university is composed of a variety of institutions, including 38 constituent colleges and a wide range of academic departments are organized into four divisions. All universities are autonomous institutions as part of the university, which control each of its members and its own internal structure and activities. It is a university town, which has a main campus; instead, all buildings and facilities are scattered throughout the city center. Most university teaching at Oxford is organized around weekly tutorials in schools and self-contained classrooms, supported by classes, lectures and laboratory work provided by faculties and departments.
Oxford is home to several notable scholarships, including the Clarendon scholarship was launched in 2001 and the Rhodes scholarship that has led to graduate students to study at the university for more than a century. The university operates the largest university publisher in the world and the largest university library system in the UK. Oxford has educated many notable alumni, including 27 Nobel Prize winners, 26 British prime ministers (most recently David Cameron, the owner) and many foreign heads of state.
Founding
Oxford University has no known history established. Teaching at the University of Oxford in some form in early 1096, but it is unclear when a university came into being. It has rapidly grown in 1167 when he returned English students from the University of Paris. Historian Gerald of Wales lectured to such scientists in 1188 and reached the first foreign scientists known, Emo of Friesland, in 1190. He was appointed president of the university chancellor from 1201 at least, and included Master as a university for or company awarded 1231. University Royal Charter in 1248 during the reign of King Henry III .
After disputes between students and residents of the city of Oxford in 1209, some academics have fled from the violence in Cambridge, which form later in the University of Cambridge.
Students linked together on the basis of geographical origins, into two "nations", which represents the north (northern or Boreales, which included English people north of Trent River and the Scots) and the South (south or Australes, which included English people south of Trent, and the Irish and Welsh). In later centuries, it continued geographic assets to influence affiliations many students when they became members of the college or customary Hall in Oxford. In addition, members received many religious groups, including the Dominicans, Franciscans, Carmelites and Augustinians, settled in Oxford in the middle of the 13th century, power and maintain houses or halls for students. At the same time, private benefactors established colleges to serve as a stand-alone scientific communities. From these early founders William Durham, who in 1249 endowed University College, and John Balliol, father of the future king of Scots. Balliol College bears his name. Another founder, Walter de Merton, Lord Chancellor of England and later Bishop of Rochester, devised a series of regulations for university life. Merton College thereby became the model for such institutions in the University of Oxford, as well as at the University of Cambridge. After that, he abandoned a growing number of students living in halls and religious houses in favor of living at colleges.
In 1333-1334, an attempt by some Oxford scientists upset to establish a new university in Stamford, Lincolnshire has been blocked by the universities of Oxford and Cambridge to seek King Edward III. After that, until the 1820s, the new universities to be established in England were not permitted, even in London. Thus, the Oxford and Cambridge and was a duopoly, which was unusual in Western European countries.
Renaissance period
The new learning of the Renaissance greatly influenced Oxford from the late 15th century onwards. Among university scholars of the time were William Grocyn, who contributed to the revival of Greek studies, and John Colet, the noted biblical scholar.
With the Reformation and the breaking of ties with the Roman Catholic Church, Oxford recusantes scholars fled to continental Europe, settling especially at the University of Douai. The method of teaching at Oxford was transformed from the medieval Scholastic method to Renaissance education, although institutions associated with the university suffered loss of land and income. As a center of learning and scholarship, Oxford's reputation declined in the Age of Enlightenment; registrations fell and education is neglected.
In 1636, Chancellor William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, the codification of the statutes of the university. These large extent, the rules until the mid 19th century Laud was also responsible for the grant of a charter securing privileges for the university press, and he made significant contributions to the Bodleian Library remained, library main university. Since the beginning of the Church of England until 1866, church members was a requirement for the B. A. degree from Oxford, and "dissidents" They were only allowed to receive the M. A. in 1871.
The university was a center of the royalist party during the English Civil War (1642-1649), while the town favored the cause of parliamentary opposition. Since the mid-18th century onwards, however, the University of Oxford took little part in political conflicts.
Wadham College, founded in 1610, was the college student of Sir Christopher Wren. Wren was part of a brilliant group of experimental scientists at Oxford in the 1650s, the Club of Oxford Philosophy, which included Robert Boyle and Robert Hooke. This group held regular meetings under the direction of Wadham College Warden, John Wilkins, and the group formed the nucleus, which went on to found the Royal Society.
Modern period
It witnessed the mid-19th century the influence of the Oxford Movement (1833-1845), led by, among others, Cardinal Newman in the future. The impact of the reform of the German university model Oxford reached through eminent scholars such as Edward Boveri Pusey, Benjamin Jowett, and Max Müller.
Honor separate school system began on various topics in 1802, with math and subcommittees Humaniores. Schools have been added to natural sciences and law, in modern history in 1853. By 1872, it was the latter division in jurisprudence and modern history. It became a theology school sixth honor. In addition to the Bachelor of Arts degree with honors, and bachelor's graduate in civil law (B.C.L.) was, and still is, the foreground.
It included administrative reforms during the 19th century replacement of oral examinations with written acceptance tests, and increased tolerance for religious dissent, and the establishment of four women's colleges. 20 Privy Council resolutions century (such as the abolition of compulsory daily worship, dissociation from the royal chair professorship of Hebrew from clerical status, transforming Commandments theological faculties for other purposes) loosened link with traditional belief and practice. Moreover, although the university traditionally focus was on classical knowledge, its curriculum has expanded during the 19th century to include scientific and medical studies. The ancient Greek knowledge required for acceptance until 1920, and Latin until 1960.
Oxford University began to award a doctorate in the first third of the 20th century. Oxford DPhil first awarded in mathematics in 1921.
At the beginning of 1914 was composed of university nearly three thousand undergraduates and about 100 graduate students. World War I saw many of the university students and colleagues to join the armed forces. By 1918 almost all the colleagues in uniform have been reducing the number of students in residence to 12 per cent. Roll University Service records that in total 0.14792 members of the university served in the war, with 2716 (18.36 per cent) were killed. During the war years deserted university buildings have become hospitals, schools, trainees and military training camps.
Mid-20th century saw many distinguished continental scholars, displaced by Nazism and communism, and moved to Oxford.
List of leading scientists at Oxford long and includes many who have made significant contributions to British politics, science, medicine, and literature. The subsidiary was more than 50 Nobel Laureates and more than 50 world leaders with the University of Oxford.
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